Grès Porcellanato: history and curiosities
Grès Porcellanato: history and curiosities
Before reconstructing the history and characteristics of this material, which is by now very widespread and used in today's constructions, let's start by giving a definition of stoneware.
Stoneware is a hard-paste ceramic material, obtained by cooking until incipient vitrification of the mixture. It has a compact, hard, sonorous and impermeable texture. Very often it has a waterproof showcase cover.
The origin of the word grès seems to derive from ancient French artifacts so called and which used the same type of clay, which takes the name of siliceous sandstone.
The word porcelain instead derives from the candid color of the very white clays used to create this material. In Italy, materials mainly from Sardinian quarries and worked in the city of Guspini, in the province of Cagliari. Hence the denomination km0 of the product.
History
From the 1950s they took the name of stoneware unglazed tiles with very low porosity, created with red, ferruginous, non-carbonate clays that glaze during cooking.
The final product was obviously red. The raw material was ground dry in impact or hammer mills and cooked in tunnels in cycles of 70 hours at an average temperature of 1,000 degrees Celsius.
However the product was not the best. It had significant limitations of a purely technological nature. Among these the still rudimentary instrumentation available to the ovens which prevented an optimal adjustment of the firing curve. Problems in the press pressure phase which did not allow to obtain the desired level of density for the tiles.
Still insufficient controls of the grinding parameters, therefore granules of various sizes.
The result still had good strength characteristics, for example to acid and frost, but it was difficult to extract, control and was not waterproof, presenting considerable porosity.
This product was mainly used in public buildings such as schools, hospitals, laboratories. What made it preferable were above all the low costs and its resistance.
The Grès Porcellanato
The turning point came around the 1980s, when in Sardinia, especially in the Sassuolo area, the experimentation in the building theme comes to pack the best version, up to that moment, of the product.
This material is suitable for both indoors and outdoors and is characterized by its enormous versatility. For exteriors it can withstand the wear and tear of the elements well, even if for obvious reasons, it tends to last less than the material used for interiors.
Speaking of duration, stoneware has an almost unlimited longevity.
It is extremely simple to clean, using any type of detergents and disinfectants. Plus it is stain resistant, does not retain halos.
It does not require maintenance, therefore it does not require treatments for the care and polishing of wooden or marble floors.
Porcelain stoneware is a fireproof material and is resistant to fire, therefore also to falls from cigarettes, matches, hot objects, etc. In the event of a fire, therefore, it will resist fire and will not emit toxic fumes.
One of the most important features is its sustainability. The materials used to create stoneware are 100% natural and recyclable. In particular, the materials are: sand, clay, minerals and feldspars. and, they do not contain plastics, they are resistant to chemical agents, waterproof, hypoallergenic and recyclable.
Its use is usually thought for floors, but it can also be used for vertical surfaces.